Productivity, Effectiveness & Competitiveness
Productivity
o Ratio of the output to input resources
o Output – Production
o Input – Input resources – Capital – Material – Labor –
Energy
Natural Productivity
o GDP – Gross Domestic Production
o Gross Domestic Production / Input In terms of total hrs
worked
o Per capita income = GDP / Total population
Productivity = Output
Input [Total hours worked]
Productivity = Output Per Capita GDP
Input [Total hours worked] Capita = Total Population
Intellectual Property
Types of intellectual properties….
1 Patents Invention of new ideas / useful ideas
2 Copy Rights Protection against expression of the ideas
3 Trademark Registered identification of product – Corporate identities
4 Trade Secrete Commercially
Problems with Patents The concept of patent evolved in England – Eighteenth Century
Steps for acquiring a patent
o Filling a patent disclosure & patent application with the
patent office
Output / Input
In case of denial – Appeal
The claim of invention must include…
o The conception of idea & the reduction of that idea to
workable form
o An actual device
o Built & working
o Merely a clear description of a workable form
o In case of denial – Appeal
Satisfying criteria for patentable innovation…
o Utility – Should be useful / shouldn’t hurt society
o Novelty – Must not simple rearrangement of prior art
o No obviousness
Non patentable – Natural phenomena & Scientific laws
Patentable …
o New material forms
o Process to produce material
o New life forms
o Biological process to produce new life forms
o Processes – Machines – Manufactures – Composition
Of matter
Patent office has distinguished…
o Mathematical algorithms – Non Patentable
o Computer algorithms – Patentable
o Laws of nature - Patentable
Leaders Versus Followers
Winners are those who bring the technology to the market.
3 categories...
1) Leader – First mover – first to market in innovation
2) Follower – Follow closely benign the leader
- May be able to catch up or surpass the leader if they
can capitalize on them own strength
Productivity
o Ratio of the output to input resources
o Output – Production
o Input – Input resources – Capital – Material – Labor –
Energy
Natural Productivity
o GDP – Gross Domestic Production
o Gross Domestic Production / Input In terms of total hrs
worked
o Per capita income = GDP / Total population
Productivity = Output
Input [Total hours worked]
Productivity = Output Per Capita GDP
Input [Total hours worked] Capita = Total Population
Intellectual Property
Types of intellectual properties….
1 Patents Invention of new ideas / useful ideas
2 Copy Rights Protection against expression of the ideas
3 Trademark Registered identification of product – Corporate identities
4 Trade Secrete Commercially
Problems with Patents The concept of patent evolved in England – Eighteenth Century
Steps for acquiring a patent
o Filling a patent disclosure & patent application with the
patent office
Output / Input
In case of denial – Appeal
The claim of invention must include…
o The conception of idea & the reduction of that idea to
workable form
o An actual device
o Built & working
o Merely a clear description of a workable form
o In case of denial – Appeal
Satisfying criteria for patentable innovation…
o Utility – Should be useful / shouldn’t hurt society
o Novelty – Must not simple rearrangement of prior art
o No obviousness
Non patentable – Natural phenomena & Scientific laws
Patentable …
o New material forms
o Process to produce material
o New life forms
o Biological process to produce new life forms
o Processes – Machines – Manufactures – Composition
Of matter
Patent office has distinguished…
o Mathematical algorithms – Non Patentable
o Computer algorithms – Patentable
o Laws of nature - Patentable
Leaders Versus Followers
Winners are those who bring the technology to the market.
3 categories...
1) Leader – First mover – first to market in innovation
2) Follower – Follow closely benign the leader
- May be able to catch up or surpass the leader if they
can capitalize on them own strength
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