Methods of Technology Transfer

Methods of Technology Transfer
 Informal Transfer – With / Without the transferee’s knowledge
 Formal Transfer- Legal arrangement between the participants
Informal Process
 Transfer of technical information exchange through…
o Published matter – Printed / Electronic media
o Meetings – symposia – individual exchange
 Technical information available through…
o Professional meetings – Journals – Articles – Electronic
Exchange – Informal Meetings
 Acquisition of critical technical personnel is informal method of
TT.
Formal Process
 Process/ Person – embodied transfer outright procurement
 Sale / License / Acquisition of the enterprise
 Formal agreement between…
o Government – Enterprises – Individuals –
Research entities = Laboratories / Academic
Institutes
o Meetings – symposia – individual exchange
 Technical information available through…
o Professional meetings – Journals – Articles – Electronic
Exchange – Informal Meetings
 Acquisition of critical technical personnel is informal method of
TT.


Internal Technology Transfer
Important factors in Internal TT
 Timing
 Development of Specifications
 Operating parameters
 Location
MB 009 – Management of Technology Transfer, Absorption & IPR
 Relationship between technician – customer – supplier
 Availability – technical / Marketing skills
 Existing technology
 Process required
 Organization learning – Need to increase the technical capacity
 Staff
 Efficiency of communication method


External Technology Transfer
Important factors in Internal TT
Type Relationships
Complexity Core Competencies
Transfer mechanism Organizational Culture
Hakansson & Snehota – no enterprise is an island
Gemunden et al – Studies of 490 enterprises – relevance of technology
oriented relationships to an enterprise’s innovation capabilities.
Methods of External Technology Transfer
1) Co operative & collaborative ventures
2) Licensing
3) Contracting
4) Enterprise acquisition
1) Co operative & Collaborative ventures
 Ventures are structures between two or more enterprises
 General partnership
o Competitors – Suppliers - Customers
 Consortia Constitute includes…
o Universities – Industry – federal laboratories
 Strategic alliance
o 2 / more entities – formal agreement
 Collaboration
o Research / exchange joint development marketing &
research
o Collaboration of members of US – Semi conductors
o Industry – SEMATECH
o Cooperation of R & D – the euro peon air bus project
o Bidault & Cumings – cross industry alliance proved more
innovative